Difference between males and females. Participants described their parent's marital status as 62 married,

Difference between males and females. Participants described their parent’s marital status as 62 married, 7 single, 19 divorced, and 12 separated. When living at house, 78 of participants reported living with their mothers, 68 living with fathers, 13 living with grandparent(s), and 11 living with one more relative. A total of 72 self-identified as members of your Yup’ik Alaska Native cultural linguistic group, followed by Inupiat (21 ), Athabaskan (11 ), Aleut/Alutiq (6 ), and Tlingit/Haida (4 ). Some individuals identified with two or additional ethnic categories. Measures Item pool Adult Self-Mastery: Pearlin et al. (1981) initially developed the Mastery scale as an adult measure of personal sense of handle in overcoming life difficulties. The scale consists of seven items rated on a four-point Likert-type scale, assessing the extent to which people perceive themselves as getting handle over the circumstances that affect their lives. Representative items incorporate “I can do just about something I definitely set my mind to,” and “What takes place to me within the future largely depends on me.” Internal consistency reported by Hobfoll, Jackson, et al. (2002) was = .72. Adult Communal Mastery: The Communal Mastery scale (Jackson, McKenzie, Hobfoll, 2000) is a 10-item measure itself initially adapted from the Mastery Scale (Pearlin et al., 1981) along with the Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer, 1993) to measure coping techniques from a much more collectivist orientation. Representative things involve “Working with each other with household and mates I can solve numerous complications I have,” and “What occurs to me within the future depends on my capability to perform well with other people,” to which individuals respond on a fourpoint Likert scale. Internal consistency for this scale was = .74 (Hobfoll, Jackson, et al., 2002). We adapted these mastery measures for youth. Validity measures Youth Neighborhood Help: The Youth Community Help scale is a three-item subscale adapted in the People’s Awakening Yup’ik Protective Elements scale for adults (Allen et al., 2006). The Youth Neighborhood Assistance scale taps youth perceptions regarding the presence and extent of support as a protective aspects obtainable to young men and women in the community generally, outside of loved ones and friendship. Representative items involve “People PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2105157 assistance me” and “People are offered to me for advice.”NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPsychol Assess. Author manuscript; accessible in PMC 2013 June 01.Fok et al.PageReligious Involvement: Youth’s degree of involvement with formal religion was assessed by way of two products. On one item the youth rated the importance of church in their life as not at all, somewhat, or really important, and on a second item, youth rated church attendance through among five radio buttons, as less than as soon as a year, 1? instances a year, 1? instances a month, 3? times a month, or at least after a week. Alaska Native Cultural Identification: The Alaska Native Cultural Identification scale is an eight-item scale adapted in the item set on the Orthogonal Cultural Identification scale (Oetting Beauvais, 1990?991), a TAPI-2 web technique of assessment of bicultural identities amongst ethnic minority youth. The Alaska Native Cultural Identification scale utilizes two item stems, worded utilizing descriptors our focus group function discovered locally understandable: “How much you live by or comply with the [Native/White American] way of life?” and “How a great deal do you speak [Native language/English]?” Since.