T the handle group: focus, motor
T the handle group: attention, motor abilities and academic and classroom behavior Unchanged: activity orientation, emotional behavior and oppositional behavior C: Post vs. pre: Improved in workout and not in behavior education group: executive functions (e.g. flexibility); cognitive function and speed (TMT-B; Digit Symbol of the Korean Educational Improvement Institute-WISC) [ES: Cohen’s d = 0.18.49] B/SE: Post vs. pre: Enhanced in exercise and not in behavior education group: consideration and social competencies (cooperativeness) Unchanged: hyperactivity; PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20100031 assertiveness; selfcontrol (ADHD Rating Scale; Social Capabilities Rating Technique). [ES: Cohen’s d = -0.27 to 0.22]. Suggested mechanism: CA/DA/NE increases in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and basal ganglia Data on medication intake not reported Pre and post 116 MPH (n = 28; dose 100 mg/day; no abstinence) 7 Moderate to vigorous physical physical exercise (e.g., biking, skateboarding; 30-60 min. everyday) No manage situation. Time period: 7 days Exercise group: aerobic, muscular and motor skills workouts (40 min. in very first four weeks and 50 min. in last six weeks; three days a week) Manage group: no physical exercise. Time period: 10 weeks Time period: ten weeks Exercising group: mixture of running, goal- directed throwing, rope jumping and rest (90 min.; 2 days a week) Behavior education group: 12 education sessions on social behavior Time period: 6 weeks Baseline and post (following six weeks)Authors (year)Group (n M:F)Gapin and Etnier (2010)ADHD diagnosis (diagnosed by health-related experienced; n = 18; 18M:0F) No manage groupAhmed and Mohamed (2011)ADHD diagnosis (recruited from special desires school; n = 84; 54M:30F), randomly and equally assigned to: Physical exercise group (n = 42; 27M:15F) Non-exercise control group n = 42; 27M:15F)Kang et al. (2011)ADHD diagnosis (diagnosis instrument not specified; n = 28; 28M:0F), randomly assigned to Exercise group (n = 15; 15M:0F) Behavior education group (n = 13; 13M:0F) (n = 13; 13M:0F)A. E. Den Heijer et al.Table 1 continuedMedication use in ADHD group (n dose; abstinence) Outcomes (measures) [ES when reported] Age Fumarate hydratase-IN-2 (sodium salt) site variety (years) Intervention type (duration) Time of measurements relative to workout Pre, post (within 2 weeks following the intervention) and follow up (1 year soon after completion from the study)Authors (year)Group (n M:F)Lufi and Parish-Plass (2011) 83 Combined intervention of sports and behavioral techniques. The physical exercise intervention was comprised of vigorous physical workout in individual sport like relay races (30 min., weekly) and vigorous physical exercise in group sports like soccer (40 min., weekly) No handle situation Time period: 1 academic yearADHD diagnosis (DSM-IVTR; n = 15; 15M:0F) Other behavioral and emotional issues (n = 17; 17M:0F)Stimulant medication naive None of your participants utilized medication through the time of the studySweat it out The effects of physical workout on cognition and behavior in kids and…Verret et al. (2012) Stimulant medication (n = 3 in physical exercise condition and n = 11 in manage situation; information about variety and dose not reported; no abstinence)ADHD diagnosis (DSM-IV; n = 21; 19M:2F) Physical exercising group (n = ten; 9M:1F; recruited from the same school) Handle group (n = 11; 10M:1F; recruited from unique regions)7Exercise group: aerobic, muscular and motor skills exercises, cool down afterwards (45 min.; three days per week) Control group: no physical workout. Time period: 10 weeksPre a.
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