On of the partial differential equation describing the spreading process suggests that this type of information could be used to estimate the diffusivity of the cells, D. This could be a useful method for estimating the cell diffusivity since it is well known that estimates of cell diffusivity can vary by as much as an order of magnitude and these variations depend on the kind of cell and the substrate being considered [41]. As a result of this study, we recommend that the location of the leading edge of a spreading cell population in a cell migration assay should not be determined using any kind of hand tracing technique. Instead, a computational image processing technique should be used to reduce the impact of the subjectivity of the analyst. Our results demonstrate that the computational edge detection techniques can be very sensitive to the choice of threshold applied to the image. Therefore, we recommend that images of cell migration assays should be analysed using a manualedge detection technique and that the details of the image thresholds should be reported. We anticipate that our results for the two-dimensional barrier assay will also be MedChemExpress ZK-36374 relevant to other types of cell migration assays such as scratch assays [3,4], or different types of circular barrier assays that include the outward migration of cells away from 16985061 an initially-confined circular population [17] as well as barrier assays describing the inward migration of cell populations into an initially-vacant circular region [8,9,16]. We also expect that our results for the two-dimensional barrier assay could be extended by considering other types of experimental conditions. For example, here we chose to present results for cells that were pretreated to prevent cell ML-264 proliferation [32] so that we could study cell spreading processes driven by cell migration alone in the absence of cell proliferation. Given that the shape of the leading edge of the spreading cell population depends on the relative contribution of cell migration and cell proliferation [6,17], we expect that comparing different edge detection results for different cell populations with different relative rates of cell proliferation and cell 23148522 migration will also be of interest [37,42]. Finally, although we have presented our image analysis techniques in the context of analyzing an in vitro cell migration assay, these concepts will also be relevant when considering in vivo cell spreading, such as in the detection of the leading edge of spreading melanomas [34,43].AcknowledgmentsWe appreciate support from Emeritus Professor Sean McElwain and Ms Parvathi Haridas.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: KKT MJS. Performed the experiments: KKT. Analyzed the data: KKT MJS. Contributed reagents/ materials/analysis tools: KKT MJS. Wrote the paper: KKT MJS.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cell population in the bone marrow and pronounced chromosomal abnormalities. [1,2] Almost all MM patients are characterized by genomic abnormalities including chromosome number and structural variations, although each case may differ significantly in the complexity of these abnormalities. The observed complexity is a clear indication of underlying genomic instability, the failure of protective cellular mechanism against the development of genomic abnormality and/or subsequent intrinsic oncogenic properties such as proliferation. The overall process th.On of the partial differential equation describing the spreading process suggests that this type of information could be used to estimate the diffusivity of the cells, D. This could be a useful method for estimating the cell diffusivity since it is well known that estimates of cell diffusivity can vary by as much as an order of magnitude and these variations depend on the kind of cell and the substrate being considered [41]. As a result of this study, we recommend that the location of the leading edge of a spreading cell population in a cell migration assay should not be determined using any kind of hand tracing technique. Instead, a computational image processing technique should be used to reduce the impact of the subjectivity of the analyst. Our results demonstrate that the computational edge detection techniques can be very sensitive to the choice of threshold applied to the image. Therefore, we recommend that images of cell migration assays should be analysed using a manualedge detection technique and that the details of the image thresholds should be reported. We anticipate that our results for the two-dimensional barrier assay will also be relevant to other types of cell migration assays such as scratch assays [3,4], or different types of circular barrier assays that include the outward migration of cells away from 16985061 an initially-confined circular population [17] as well as barrier assays describing the inward migration of cell populations into an initially-vacant circular region [8,9,16]. We also expect that our results for the two-dimensional barrier assay could be extended by considering other types of experimental conditions. For example, here we chose to present results for cells that were pretreated to prevent cell proliferation [32] so that we could study cell spreading processes driven by cell migration alone in the absence of cell proliferation. Given that the shape of the leading edge of the spreading cell population depends on the relative contribution of cell migration and cell proliferation [6,17], we expect that comparing different edge detection results for different cell populations with different relative rates of cell proliferation and cell 23148522 migration will also be of interest [37,42]. Finally, although we have presented our image analysis techniques in the context of analyzing an in vitro cell migration assay, these concepts will also be relevant when considering in vivo cell spreading, such as in the detection of the leading edge of spreading melanomas [34,43].AcknowledgmentsWe appreciate support from Emeritus Professor Sean McElwain and Ms Parvathi Haridas.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: KKT MJS. Performed the experiments: KKT. Analyzed the data: KKT MJS. Contributed reagents/ materials/analysis tools: KKT MJS. Wrote the paper: KKT MJS.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cell population in the bone marrow and pronounced chromosomal abnormalities. [1,2] Almost all MM patients are characterized by genomic abnormalities including chromosome number and structural variations, although each case may differ significantly in the complexity of these abnormalities. The observed complexity is a clear indication of underlying genomic instability, the failure of protective cellular mechanism against the development of genomic abnormality and/or subsequent intrinsic oncogenic properties such as proliferation. The overall process th.
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