olyphenol oxidaPPOs [20,21]. tion by PPOs [20,21]. A second enzyme that may very well be

olyphenol oxidaPPOs [20,21]. tion by PPOs [20,21]. A second enzyme that may very well be involved inside the B-ring hydroxylation of dihydrochalA is the cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase hydroxylation of PKCθ Molecular Weight dihydrochalcones second enzyme that might be involved in the B-ring flavonoid three -hydroxylase (F3 H), cones is the cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase flavonoid B-ring of different which catalyzes the introduction of an more hydroxyl group in the 3-hydroxylase (F3H), which catalyzes the introduction of an additional hydroxyl group pattern of anthoflavonoid classes. F3 H eventually determines the B-ring-hydroxylation within the B-ring of several flavonoid classes.the colour hue of anthocyanin containing tissues. Hydroxylation cyanidins, and thereby F3H eventually determines the B-ring-hydroxylation pattern of anthocyanidins, and thereby the colour hue of anthocyanin containing tissues. Hydroxylaoccurs, nonetheless, earlier within the pathway, normally at the flavanone or dihydroflavonol tion occurs, nevertheless,flavonols the pathway, generally at for all F3 Hs [22]. Hydroxylation level. Moreover, earlier in are prevalent substrates the flavanone or dihydroflavonol level. Furthermore, flavonols are common far, and leucoanthocyanidins Hydroxylation of of anthocyanidins was not observed so substrates for all F3Hs [22]. and flavones had been anthocyanidins was not for some, but far, andF3 Hs [23]. Even though the hydroxylation of shown to become substrates observed so not all, leucoanthocyanidins and flavones had been shown to become substrates for some, but not similarity [23]. While the hydroxylation of chalcones within the B-ring shows structural all, F3Hs towards the F3 H reaction, specific chalcone chalcones in the B-ring shows structural similarity towards the F3H reaction,from F3 Hs [24,25]. 3-hydroxylase (CH3H) enzymes are essential, which apparently evolved particular chalcone 3-hydroxylase (CH3H) structurally related to chalcones, and we αvβ5 supplier previously from F3Hs Dihydrochalcones are enzymes are essential, which apparently evolved showed that [24,25]. Dihydrochalcones are structurally related F3 H from the ornamental plant Cosmos they may be accepted as substrates by both CH3H and to chalcones, and we previously showed thatalbeit are accepted as[15]. Current by both CH3H and F3H on the the metabolic sulphureus, they to a low extent substrates years saw rising interest in ornamental plant Cosmos sulphureus, albeit to a lowpathway in Current years saw escalating particularly engineering of your dihydrochalcone extent [15]. many microorganisms to interest within the metabolic engineering of for nutritional or pharmaceutical several microorganisms the produce dihydrochalcones the dihydrochalcone pathway in purposes [268]. Thus, to specifically produce dihydrochalcones for nutritional or pharmaceutical purposes [268]. enzymes and genes involved within the dihydrochalcone pathway of apples are also of biotechThus, the enzymes and this frame, a screening of six F3 Hs from 6 plants of apples are also nological interest. In genes involved in the dihydrochalcone pathway and 1 CH3H was of biotechnological their suitabilityframe, a screening of 6 F3Hs from six plants and 1 CH3H performed to test interest. Within this for metabolic engineering of 3-hydroxyphloretin formation. Out of those, only the CH3H enzyme was convincing, and two apple F3 Hs were was performed to test their suitability for metabolic engineering of 3-hydroxyphloretin reported Out of these, only the CH3H enzyme was convincing, and two apple F3Hs fo