De.As stated earlier, the proposed VCO-based CT ADC with DFRQ
De.As stated earlier, the proposed VCO-based CT ADC with DFRQ can lessen the energy consumption and silicon region from the analog domain inside the method. On the other hand, the design and style complexity and power consumption inside the digital domain could boost due to improved digital elements. Even so, the design in digital domain can migrate to an sophisticated deep-submicron digital procedure readily available, taking advantage of low-voltage design and compactness of highly digital implementation. Consequently, the proposed architecture can increase energy efficiency by moving ADC design efforts from the analog to digital domain. Table 1 shows the overall Tenidap custom synthesis performance comparison for various ADCs which includes conventional designs with either input forwarding [7,8] or VCO-based quantizer [9,ten,12,13].Electronics 2021, 10,10 ofTable 1. Overall performance comparison of continuous-time delta-sigma ADCs. [7] Procedure (nm) BW (MHz) Fs (MHz) DR (dB) SNDR (dB) ten 120 80.5 [8] 65 6 180 76 72.3 [9] 130 10 950 72 [10] 180 20 900 78.1 [12] 130 four 100/1200 91.six 77 [13] 1 512 65 55.four This Function Devoid of DFRQ 28 two 80 55.1 53.two With DFRQ 28 2 80 85.4 83.five. Conclusions In this paper, a novel feedforwarding approach depending on a digital feedback residue quantization (DFRQ) is proposed to avoid analog summing amplifier, retain intrinsic anti-aliasing filtering (AAF) characteristic, and inject no switching noise into input. A VCO-based ADC together with the proposed DFRQ is also presented to prevent the degradation of signal-to-noise and distortion (SNDR) by suppressing the nonlinearity of the VCO quantizer. Evaluation outcomes indicated that the VCO-based CT ADC with DFRQ achieved a substantial SNDR improvement.Author Contributions: M.-Y.C. made the circuits, performed the simulation and implementation, analyzed the measurement data, and wrote the manuscript. B.-S.K. GS-626510 Epigenetics funding acquired, supervised, reviewed, wrote, and edited the manuscript. All authors have study and agreed towards the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This study received no external funding. Acknowledgments: This perform was partly supported by the NRF grant funded by MSIT (2019R1A2C1 011155). Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed below the terms and situations in the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Currently, the breakthrough in details technology has promoted the progress of contemporary industry towards Business 4.0. In meeting the specifications of precise manage in industrial applications, electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) systems play a important role since they have the benefits of fast response, wide adjustment speed variety, high energy ratio, high speed, high accuracy, and higher durability. Thus, the EHA has been extensively applied in industrial manufacture, agricultural machinery like CNC machines, robotic manipulators, ships, and aerospace systems. However, EHA systems also have disadvantages including internal leakage, parametric uncertainties, external disturbance which makes these systems unstable, and the fluids inside them getting often caustic and some seals [1]. To reduce the effect of parametric uncertainties inside the EHA, nonlinear control schemes such as PID controller [5,6], adaptive control [7.
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