Anic solvents (chlorobenzene, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, xylene and toluene). Poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1b;3,4-b ]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(two,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) is definitely an efficient polymer effectively employed in the PV cells resulting from its band gap worth of 1.5 eV and fantastic charge transport properties [69,128]. Poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,five(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)] (DPP-DTT) includes a band gap worth of 1.7 eV [129] plus a higher hole mobility ( 10 cm2 /Vs [130]) being utilised in both PV cells and organic fieldeffect transistors (OFET) structures [131,132]. Therefore, DPP-DTT might be c-di-AMP (sodium) Biological Activity utilized as an additive for enhancing the absorption of other polymers (efficiency elevated from 7.58 to 8.33 by adding 1 wt. DPP-DTT [130]) or is usually integrated as an absorber beside an acceptor material (six.two efficiency [131]). It was already proved that the MAPLE-deposited DPP-DTT films is often valuable in the PV domain [87]. Arylene primarily based polymers, poly[N(2-ethylhexyl)2.7-carbazolyl vinylene] (AMC16) and poly[N-(2-ethylhexyl)2.7-carbazolyl 1.4-phenyleneethynylene] (AMC22), presenting band gap values of 2.5 eV, had been also evaluated as donors inside the PV cell structures [88]. Fullerene C60 and the soluble fullerene derivatives ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), [6,6]-Phenyl-C61 butyric acid butyl ester (PCBB), [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)) are typically utilized as acceptor supplies (as stacked layers or blended using the donor components) in the OPV cell structures deposited employing MAPLE [38,70,87,120]. However, other non-fullerene acceptor supplies were also investigated. Poly(5-(2-(ethylhexyloxy)-2-methoxycyanoterephthalyliden) (MEH-CN-PPV) is a cyano-PPV derivative luminescent polymer using a band gap worth of two eV [61,133]. Related to its perylene equivalent (PTCDA), 1,four,five,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) can be a very symmetric, planar -conjugated molecule that was incorporated in various organic structures as an electron conducting [134,135] or as an exciton Oxybuprocaine References blocking layer [136]. Though 5,ten,15,20-tetra(4-pyrydil)21H,23H-porphyne (TPyP), a non-metallic phorphyrine presenting absorption bands inside the visible variety (related to phthalocyanines) [137], is usually reported as a thin film obtained by vacuum evaporation, lately, this compound was deposited making use of MAPLE [40]. N,N -bis-(1-dodecyl)perylene-3,4,9,ten tetracarboxylic diimide (AMC14), a perylene diimide derivative characterized by a fantastic solubility [85], is also applied as an acceptor inside the OPV cells. 3. Organic Thin Films Deposited Utilizing MAPLE-Based Approaches for OPV Applications The many organic layers depending on tiny molecule compounds, oligomers and polymers deposited applying UV-MAPLE, RIR-MAPLE and emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE for PV applications will likely be further presented within this manner to emphasize the influence of experimental parameters for example solvent form, emulsion chemistry, deposition substrate, polymer molecular weight, laser fluence and deposition configuration around the layer properties.Coatings 2021, 11,9 of3.1. Layers Depending on Little Molecule Compounds three.1.1. Influence of your Laser Fluence A. Stanculescu (2011) investigated, for the initial time, the deposition of small molecule compounds such as ZnPc, PTCDA and Alq3 as a single layer or multilayer employing MAPLE (KrF laser supply, = 248 nm) [115]. Within the deposition of an organic layer on ITO substrates, laser fluences ranging from 166 to.
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