Distinction among males and females. Participants described their parent's marital status as 62 married,

Distinction among males and females. Participants described their parent’s marital status as 62 married, 7 single, 19 divorced, and 12 separated. When living at household, 78 of participants reported living with their mothers, 68 living with fathers, 13 living with grandparent(s), and 11 living with one more relative. A total of 72 self-identified as members on the Yup’ik Alaska Native cultural linguistic group, followed by Inupiat (21 ), Athabaskan (11 ), Aleut/Alutiq (6 ), and Tlingit/Haida (four ). Some men and women identified with two or additional ethnic categories. Measures Item pool Adult Self-Mastery: Pearlin et al. (1981) originally developed the Mastery scale as an adult measure of individual sense of handle in overcoming life issues. The scale consists of seven products rated on a four-point Likert-type scale, assessing the extent to which people perceive themselves as possessing handle more than the circumstances that impact their lives. Representative products include things like “I can do just about something I truly set my thoughts to,” and “What takes place to me in the future mainly is determined by me.” Internal consistency reported by Hobfoll, Jackson, et al. (2002) was = .72. Adult Communal Mastery: The Communal Mastery scale (Jackson, McKenzie, Hobfoll, 2000) is actually a 10-item measure itself initially adapted from the Mastery Scale (Pearlin et al., 1981) and the Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer, 1993) to measure coping strategies from a much more collectivist orientation. Representative things include things like “Working collectively with loved ones and good friends I can resolve many problems I have,” and “What happens to me within the future is dependent upon my capacity to function properly with others,” to which people respond on a fourpoint Likert scale. Internal consistency for this scale was = .74 (Hobfoll, Jackson, et al., 2002). We adapted these mastery measures for youth. Validity measures Youth Neighborhood Support: The Youth Community Assistance scale is usually a three-item subscale adapted from the People’s Awakening Yup’ik Protective Things scale for adults (Allen et al., 2006). The Youth Neighborhood Support scale taps youth perceptions relating to the presence and extent of assistance as a protective CB-7921220 cost factors readily available to young people in the neighborhood generally, outdoors of family and friendship. Representative items contain “People PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2105157 assistance me” and “People are readily available to me for advice.”NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPsychol Assess. Author manuscript; readily available in PMC 2013 June 01.Fok et al.PageReligious Involvement: Youth’s degree of involvement with formal religion was assessed via two things. On one particular item the youth rated the importance of church in their life as not at all, somewhat, or seriously crucial, and on a second item, youth rated church attendance by means of one of 5 radio buttons, as much less than when a year, 1? times a year, 1? occasions a month, three? instances a month, or at the least as soon as a week. Alaska Native Cultural Identification: The Alaska Native Cultural Identification scale is an eight-item scale adapted from the item set on the Orthogonal Cultural Identification scale (Oetting Beauvais, 1990?991), a process of assessment of bicultural identities among ethnic minority youth. The Alaska Native Cultural Identification scale uses two item stems, worded working with descriptors our focus group work discovered locally understandable: “How significantly you live by or adhere to the [Native/White American] way of life?” and “How substantially do you speak [Native language/English]?” Because.