Were then passaged and frozen in DMEM containing 20 FBS and 10 dimethylsulfoxide

Were then passaged and frozen in DMEM containing 20 FBS and 10 dimethylsulfoxide for future use. Ear tissues were collected from a newborn piglet of the 18th 115103-85-0 site generation in the No. 111-family and from an adult pig of the 23rd generation in the No. 133-family of Banna miniature inbred pig. The fibroblasts were isolated and cultured using the same procedure as described above.lactate medium supplemented with 10 mM hydroxyethyl piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 0.3 (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 10 FBS in the presence of 0.1 mg/mL demecolcine and 5 mg/mL cytochalasin B. Any protrusion observed on the surface of an oocyte was removed along with the polar body. Fetal, newborn, and adult fibroblasts of the fourth to ninth passages were used as nuclear donors after cell cycle synchronization by 0.5 FBS serum starvation for 48 h. A single donor cell was inserted into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte. Donor cells were fused with the recipient cytoplasts with a single direct current pulse of 200 V/mm for 20 ms using an ML-281 embryonic cell fusion system (ET3, Fujihira Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) in fusion medium [0.25 M D-sorbic alcohol, 0.05 mM Mg(C2H3O2)2, 20 mg/mL BSA, and 0.5 mM HEPES (free acid)]. The reconstructed embryos were cultured for 2 h in PZM-3 and then activated with a single pulse of 150 V/mm for 100 ms in an activation medium containing 0.25 M D-sorbic alcohol, 0.01 mM Ca(C2H3O2)2, 0.05 mM Mg(C2H3O2)2, and 0.1 mg/mL BSA. The reconstructed embryos were equilibrated in PZM-3 supplemented with 5 mg/mL cytochalasin B for 2 h at 38.5uC in humidified atmosphere of 5 CO2, 5 O2, and 90 N2 (APM30D, ASTEC, Japan).Culture of EmbryosReconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 medium and then placed in an incubator supplied with 5 CO2, 5 O2, and 90 N2 at 38.5uC in a humidified atmosphere. Cleavage and blastocyst formation were monitored on days 2 and 7, respectively. Differential nuclear staining of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell of the blastocysts was performed. Cell counts were carried out after staining with 10 mg/mL propidium iodide and 10 mg/mL Hoechst33342 under a laser scanning confocal microscope (TCS SP5II, LEICA, Germany) [26,27].In vitro Maturation of OocytesPorcine ovaries were collected from Hongteng slaughterhouse (Chenggong Ruide Food Co., Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China) with the permission to use animal parts for this study. The ovaries were transported to the laboratory at 25uC to 30uC in 0.9 (w/v) NaCl solution supplemented with 75 mg/mL potassium penicillin G and 50 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate. Cumulusoocyte complexes were obtained from follicles 3 mm to 6 mm in diameter using an 18-gauge needle connected to a 10 mL disposable syringe. Cumulus-oocyte complexes with at least three layers of compacted cumulus cells were selected, and approximately 50 oocytes were cultured in 200 mL drops of TCM-199 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/mL pyruvic acid, 0.1 mg/mL L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor, 10 (v/v) porcine follicular fluid, 75 mg/mL potassium penicillin G, 50 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate, and 10 IU/mL eCG and hCG (Teikoku Zouki Co., Tokyo, Japan) at 38.5uC in an atmosphere with 5 CO2 (100 humidity) 1326631 (APC30D, ASTEC, Japan).Embryo TransferCrossbred (Large White/Landrace Duroc) prepubertal gilts weighing 100 kg to 120 kg were used as the surrogate mothers of the cloned embryos. They were checked for estrus at 09:00 and 18:00 h daily. R.Were then passaged and frozen in DMEM containing 20 FBS and 10 dimethylsulfoxide for future use. Ear tissues were collected from a newborn piglet of the 18th generation in the No. 111-family and from an adult pig of the 23rd generation in the No. 133-family of Banna miniature inbred pig. The fibroblasts were isolated and cultured using the same procedure as described above.lactate medium supplemented with 10 mM hydroxyethyl piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 0.3 (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 10 FBS in the presence of 0.1 mg/mL demecolcine and 5 mg/mL cytochalasin B. Any protrusion observed on the surface of an oocyte was removed along with the polar body. Fetal, newborn, and adult fibroblasts of the fourth to ninth passages were used as nuclear donors after cell cycle synchronization by 0.5 FBS serum starvation for 48 h. A single donor cell was inserted into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte. Donor cells were fused with the recipient cytoplasts with a single direct current pulse of 200 V/mm for 20 ms using an embryonic cell fusion system (ET3, Fujihira Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) in fusion medium [0.25 M D-sorbic alcohol, 0.05 mM Mg(C2H3O2)2, 20 mg/mL BSA, and 0.5 mM HEPES (free acid)]. The reconstructed embryos were cultured for 2 h in PZM-3 and then activated with a single pulse of 150 V/mm for 100 ms in an activation medium containing 0.25 M D-sorbic alcohol, 0.01 mM Ca(C2H3O2)2, 0.05 mM Mg(C2H3O2)2, and 0.1 mg/mL BSA. The reconstructed embryos were equilibrated in PZM-3 supplemented with 5 mg/mL cytochalasin B for 2 h at 38.5uC in humidified atmosphere of 5 CO2, 5 O2, and 90 N2 (APM30D, ASTEC, Japan).Culture of EmbryosReconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 medium and then placed in an incubator supplied with 5 CO2, 5 O2, and 90 N2 at 38.5uC in a humidified atmosphere. Cleavage and blastocyst formation were monitored on days 2 and 7, respectively. Differential nuclear staining of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell of the blastocysts was performed. Cell counts were carried out after staining with 10 mg/mL propidium iodide and 10 mg/mL Hoechst33342 under a laser scanning confocal microscope (TCS SP5II, LEICA, Germany) [26,27].In vitro Maturation of OocytesPorcine ovaries were collected from Hongteng slaughterhouse (Chenggong Ruide Food Co., Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China) with the permission to use animal parts for this study. The ovaries were transported to the laboratory at 25uC to 30uC in 0.9 (w/v) NaCl solution supplemented with 75 mg/mL potassium penicillin G and 50 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate. Cumulusoocyte complexes were obtained from follicles 3 mm to 6 mm in diameter using an 18-gauge needle connected to a 10 mL disposable syringe. Cumulus-oocyte complexes with at least three layers of compacted cumulus cells were selected, and approximately 50 oocytes were cultured in 200 mL drops of TCM-199 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/mL pyruvic acid, 0.1 mg/mL L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor, 10 (v/v) porcine follicular fluid, 75 mg/mL potassium penicillin G, 50 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate, and 10 IU/mL eCG and hCG (Teikoku Zouki Co., Tokyo, Japan) at 38.5uC in an atmosphere with 5 CO2 (100 humidity) 1326631 (APC30D, ASTEC, Japan).Embryo TransferCrossbred (Large White/Landrace Duroc) prepubertal gilts weighing 100 kg to 120 kg were used as the surrogate mothers of the cloned embryos. They were checked for estrus at 09:00 and 18:00 h daily. R.