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Gallium nitrate

July 24, 2017
Common Name

Gallium nitrate Description

Gallium nitrate is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a drug that is used to treat hyper-calcemia, or too much calcium in the blood. This condition may occur when individuals develop various types of cancer. Gallium nitrate is also known by the common brand name Ganite.Gallium nitrate is believed to exert a hypocalcemic effect by inhibiting calcium resorption from bone. Gallium nitrate localizes preferentially where bone resorption and remodeling is occurring, and inhibits osteoclast activity. Inhibition of resorption may occur via a reduction in increased bone turnover. It seems to enhance hydroxyapatite function, inhibit osteocalcin, and inhibit the vacuolar ATPase on the osteoclast ruffled membrane. All these aid in the reduction of bone resorption. Structure

MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI

Synonyms

Value Source GaniteMeSH Gallium nitrate, 67ga-labeledMeSH Gallium nitrate heptahydrateMeSH

Chemical Formlia

GaN3O9 Average Molecliar Weight

255.738 Monoisotopic Molecliar Weight

254.889034525 IUPAC Name

gallium(3+) ion trinitrate Traditional Name

gallium(3+) ion trinitrate CAS Registry Number

13494-90-1 SMILES

[Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Ga.3NO3/c;3*2-1(3)4/q+3;3*-1

InChI Key

CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chemical Taxonomy Description

This compound belongs to the class of chemical entities known as post-transition metal nitrates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is nitrate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a post-transition metal. Kingdom

Chemical entities Super Class

Inorganic compounds Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds Sub Class

Post-transition metal oxoanionic compounds Direct Parent

Post-transition metal nitrates Alternative Parents

  • Post-transition metal salts
  • Inorganic salts
  • Inorganic oxides

    • Substituents

  • Post-transition metal nitrate
  • Inorganic post-transition metal salt
  • Inorganic oxide
  • Inorganic salt

    • Molecliar Framework

    Not Available External Descriptors

    Not Available Ontology Status

    Expected but not Quantified Origin

  • Drug

    • Biofunction

  • Antineoplastic Agents

    • Application

  • Pharmaceutical

    • Cellliar locations

  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellliar
  • Membrane

    • Physical Properties State

    Solid Experimental Properties

    Property Value Reference Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available LogPNot AvailableNot Available

    Predicted Properties

    Property Value Source logP0.028ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Acidic)-1.4ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic)-6.1ChemAxon Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon Polar Surface Area68.88 Å2ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon Refractivity9.85 m3·mol-1ChemAxon Polarizability3.24 Å3ChemAxon Number of Rings0ChemAxon Bioavailability1ChemAxon Rlie of FiveYesChemAxon Ghose FilterYesChemAxon Vebers RlieYesChemAxon MDDR-like RlieYesChemAxon

    Spectra Spectra

    Not Available Biological Properties Cellliar Locations

  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellliar
  • Membrane

    • Biofluid Locations

  • Blood
  • Urine

    • Tissue Location

    Not Available Pathways

    Not Available Normal Concentrations

    Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Reference Details BloodExpected but not Quantified Not AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB05260

  • 21059682

    • details UrineExpected but not Quantified Not AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB05260

  • 21059682

    • details

    Abnormal Concentrations

    Not Available Associated Disorders and Diseases Disease References

    None Associated OMIM IDs

    None External Links DrugBank ID

    DB05260 DrugBank Metabolite ID

    Not Available Phenol Explorer Compound ID

    Not Available Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID

    Not Available FoodDB ID

    Not Available KNApSAcK ID

    Not Available Chemspider ID

    55543 KEGG Compound ID

    Not Available BioCyc ID

    Not Available BiGG ID

    Not Available Wikipedia Link

    Not Available NuGOwiki Link

    HMDB15612 Metagene Link

    HMDB15612 METLIN ID

    Not Available PubChem Compound

    61635 PDB ID

    Not Available ChEBI ID

    774934

    Product: Ibandronic acid

    References Synthesis Reference Not Available Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available General References
    1. Chitambar CR: Apoptotic mechanisms of gallium nitrate: basic and clinical investigations. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 10):39-44. [PubMed:15651176 ]
    2. Leyland-Jones B: Treating cancer-related hypercalcemia with gallium nitrate. J Support Oncol. 2004 Nov-Dec;2(6):509-16. [PubMed:15605917 ]
    3. Cvitkovic F, Armand JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, Rossi JF, Warrell RP Jr: Randomized, double-blind, phase II trial of gallium nitrate compared with pamidronate for acute control of cancer-related hypercalcemia. Cancer J. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):47-53. [PubMed:16613662 ]
    4. Yang M, Kroft SH, Chitambar CR: Gene expression analysis of gallium-resistant and gallium-sensitive lymphoma cells reveals a role for metal-responsive transcription factor-1, metallothionein-2A, and zinc transporter-1 in modulating the antineoplastic activity of gallium nitrate. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Feb;6(2):633-43. [PubMed:17308060 ]

    Enzymes

    General function:
    Involved in oxidoreductase activity
    Specific function:
    Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. Inhibits Wnt signaling.
    Gene Name:
    RRM2
    Uniprot ID:
    P31350
    Molecular weight:
    44877.25
    References
    1. Chitambar CR: Apoptotic mechanisms of gallium nitrate: basic and clinical investigations. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 10):39-44. [PubMed:15651176 ]
    2. Narasimhan J, Antholine WE, Chitambar CR: Effect of gallium on the tyrosyl radical of the iron-dependent M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Dec 15;44(12):2403-8. [PubMed:1335254 ]
    3. Straus DJ: Gallium nitrate in the treatment of lymphoma. Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2 Suppl 5):25-33. [PubMed:12776257 ]
    General function:
    Involved in ATP binding
    Specific function:
    Non-catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells
    Gene Name:
    ATP6V1B2
    Uniprot ID:
    P21281
    Molecular weight:
    56500.2
    References
    1. Bockman R: The effects of gallium nitrate on bone resorption. Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2 Suppl 5):5-12. [PubMed:12776254 ]
    2. Mattsson JP, Skyman C, Palokangas H, Vaananen KH, Keeling DJ: Characterization and cellular distribution of the osteoclast ruffled membrane vacuolar H+-ATPase B-subunit using isoform-specific antibodies. J Bone Miner Res. 1997 May;12(5):753-60. [PubMed:9144341 ]
    3. Jakupec MA, Keppler BK: Gallium and other main group metal compounds as antitumor agents. Met Ions Biol Syst. 2004;42:425-62. [PubMed:15206110 ]
    General function:
    Involved in regulation of bone mineralization
    Specific function:
    Constitutes 1-2% of the total bone protein. It binds strongly to apatite and calcium
    Gene Name:
    BGLAP
    Uniprot ID:
    P02818
    Molecular weight:
    10962.4
    References
    1. Jenis LG, Waud CE, Stein GS, Lian JB, Baran DT: Effect of gallium nitrate in vitro and in normal rats. J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jul;52(3):330-6. [PubMed:8366144 ]
    2. Guidon PT Jr, Salvatori R, Bockman RS: Gallium nitrate regulates rat osteoblast expression of osteocalcin protein and mRNA levels. J Bone Miner Res. 1993 Jan;8(1):103-12. [PubMed:8381250 ]
    General function:
    Involved in growth factor activity
    Specific function:
    Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells
    Gene Name:
    IL1B
    Uniprot ID:
    P01584
    Molecular weight:
    30747.7
    References
    1. Eby G: Elimination of arthritis pain and inflammation for over 2 years with a single 90 min, topical 14% gallium nitrate treatment: case reports and review of actions of gallium III. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(6):1136-41. Epub 2005 Aug 24. [PubMed:16122880 ]

    PMID: 8717353

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